| 2025 | Winner | The Strangers: Five Extraordinary Black Men and the Worlds That Made Them | Ekow Eshun | Harper |
| 2025 | Finalist | Children of Radium: A Buried Inheritance | Joe Dunthorne | Scribner |
| 2025 | Finalist | Paper Girl: A Memoir of Home and Family in a Fractured America | Beth Macy | Penguin Press |
| 2025 | Finalist | Pride and Pleasure: The Schuyler Sisters in an Age of Revolution | Amanda Vaill | Farrar, Straus and Giroux |
| 2025 | Finalist | The Many Lives of Anne Frank | Ruth Franklin | Yale University Press |
| 2024 | Winner | Orwell's Ghosts: Wisdom and Warnings for the Twenty-First Century | Laura Beers | Unknown |
| 2024 | Finalist | Candy Darling: Dreamer, Icon, Superstar | Cynthia Carr | Unknown |
| 2024 | Finalist | Survival Is a Promise: The Eternal Life of Audre Lorde | Alexis Pauline Gumbs | Farrar, Straus and Giroux |
| 2024 | Finalist | The Dragon from Chicago: The Untold Story of an American Reporter in Nazi Germany | Pamela D. Toler | Unknown |
| 2024 | Finalist | We Were Illegal: Uncovering a Texas Family's Mythmaking and Migration | Jessica Goudeau | Unknown |
| 2023 | Winner | The Life and Times of Hannah Crafts: The True Story of The Bondwoman’s Narrative | Gregg Hecimovich | Ecco |
| 2023 | Finalist | Longstreet: The Confederate General Who Defied the South | Elizabeth R. Varon | Simon & Schuster |
| 2023 | Finalist | The Odyssey of Phillis Wheatley: A Poet’s Journeys Through American Slavery and Independence | David Waldstreicher | Unknown |
| 2023 | Finalist | Winnie & Nelson: Portrait of a Marriage | Jonny Steinberg | HarperCollins |
| 2023 | Finalist | Young Queens: Three Renaissance Women and the Price of Power | Leah Redmond Chang | Unknown |
| 2022 | Winner | G-Man: J. Edgar Hoover and the Making of the American Century | Beverly Gage | Viking |
| 2022 | Finalist | Civil Rights Queen: Constance Baker Motley and the Struggle for Equality | Tomiko Brown-Nagin | Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |
| 2022 | Finalist | His Name Is George Floyd: One Man's Life and the Struggle for Racial Justice | Robert Samuels, Toluse Olorunnipa | Viking |
| 2022 | Finalist | Mr. B: George Balanchine’s 20th Century | Jennifer Homans | Random House Trade Paperbacks |
| 2022 | Finalist | Path Lit by Lightning: The Life of Jim Thorpe | David Maraniss | Unknown |
| 2021 | Winner | Burning Boy: The Life and Work of Stephen Crane | Paul Auster | Henry Holt and Company |
| 2021 | Finalist | All the Frequent Troubles of Our Days: The True Story of the American Woman at the Heart of the German Resistance to Hitler | Rebecca Donner | Back Bay Books |
| 2021 | Finalist | Competing With Idiots: Herman and Joe Mankiewicz, A Dual Portrait | Nick Davis | Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |
| 2021 | Finalist | Mike Nichols: A Life | Mark Harris | Penguin Books |
| 2021 | Finalist | The Reason for the Darkness of the Night: Edgar Allan Poe and the Forging of American Science | John Tresch | Farrar, Straus and Giroux |
| 2020 | Winner | Mad at the World: A Life of John Steinbeck | William Souder | W. W. Norton |
| 2020 | Finalist | Eleanor | David Michaelis | Simon & Schuster |
| 2020 | Finalist | Red Comet: The Short Life and Blazing Art of Sylvia Plath | Heather Clark | Jonathan Cape |
| 2020 | Finalist | The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X | Les Payne, Tamara Payne | Liveright |
| 2020 | Finalist | Warhol | Blake Gopnik | Ecco |
| 2019 | Winner | Our Man: Richard Holbrooke and the End of the American Century | George Packer | Knopf |
| 2019 | Finalist | Fay Wray and Robert Riskin: A Hollywood Memoir | Victoria Riskin | Pantheon |
| 2019 | Finalist | First: Sandra Day O'Connor | Evan Thomas | Random House |
| 2019 | Finalist | The Club: Johnson, Boswell, and the Friends Who Shaped an Age | Leo Damrosch | Yale University Press |
| 2019 | Finalist | Zora and Langston | Yuval Taylor | W. W. Norton |
| 2018 | Winner | Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom | David W. Blight | Simon & Schuster |
| 2018 | Finalist | American Eden: David Hosack, Botany, and Medicine in the Garden of the Early Republic | Victoria Johnson | Liveright |
| 2018 | Finalist | Educated: A Memoir | Tara Westover | Random House |
| 2018 | Finalist | Reagan: An American Journey | Bob Spitz | Penguin Press |
| 2018 | Finalist | Reporter: A Memoir | Seymour M. Hersh | Knopf |
| 2017 | Winner | Henry David Thoreau: A Life | Laura Dassow Walls | University of Chicago Press |
| 2017 | Finalist | Ali: A Life | Jonathan Eig | Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |
| 2017 | Finalist | Fasting and Feasting: The Life of Visionary Food Writer Patience Gray | Adam Federman | Chelsea Green Publishing |
| 2017 | Finalist | Grant | Ron Chernow | Penguin Press |
| 2017 | Finalist | Richard Nixon: The Life | John A. Farrell | Doubleday |
| 2016 | Winner | Hitler: Ascent, 1889–1939 | Volker Ullrich | Vintage Books |
| 2016 | Finalist | Charlotte Brontë: A Fiery Heart | Claire Harman | Knopf |
| 2016 | Finalist | Guilty Thing: A Life of Thomas De Quincey | Frances Wilson | Farrar, Straus and Giroux |
| 2016 | Finalist | Kill 'Em and Leave: Searching for James Brown and the American Soul | James McBride | Spiegel & Grau |
| 2016 | Finalist | Mad Enchantment: Claude Monet and the Painting of the Water Lilies | Ross King | Bloomsbury |
| 2015 | Winner | Listening to Stone: The Art and Life of Isamu Noguchi | Hayden Herrera | Thames & Hudson |
| 2015 | Finalist | Fortune’s Fool: The Life of John Wilkes Booth | Terry Alford | Oxford University Press |
| 2015 | Finalist | Jonas Salk: A Life | Charlotte DeCroes Jacobs | Oxford University Press |
| 2015 | Finalist | Mary McGrory The First Queen of Journalism | John Norris | Unknown |
| 2015 | Finalist | Young Orson: The Years of Luck and Genius on the Path to Citizen Kane | Patrick McGilligan | Unknown |
| 2014 | Winner | Napoleon: A Life | Andrew Roberts | Viking |
| 2014 | Finalist | Eugene O'Neill: A Life in Four Acts | Robert M. Dowling | Yale University Press |
| 2014 | Finalist | Isabella: The Warrior Queen | Kirstin Downey | Nan A. Talese |
| 2014 | Finalist | Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928 | Stephen Kotkin | Penguin Press |
| 2014 | Finalist | Updike | Adam Begley | HarperCollins |
| 2013 | Winner | Bolivar: American Liberator | Marie Arana | Simon & Schuster |
| 2013 | Finalist | American Mirror: The Life and Art of Norman Rockwell | Deborah Solomon | Farrar, Straus and Giroux |
| 2013 | Finalist | Country Girl: A Memoir | Edna O'Brien | Unknown |
| 2013 | Finalist | The Red Man's Bones: George Catlin, Artist and Showman | Benita Eisler | W. W. Norton |
| 2013 | Finalist | Wilson | A. Scott Berg | G. P. Putnam's Sons |
| 2012 | Winner | The Passage of Power: The Years of Lyndon Johnson | Robert A. Caro | Knopf |
| 2012 | Finalist | A Difficult Woman: The Challenging Life and Times of Lillian Hellman | Alice Kessler-Harris | Bloomsbury |
| 2012 | Finalist | The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses Grant in War and Peace | H.W. Brands | Doubleday |
| 2012 | Finalist | The One: The Life and Music of James Brown | R.J. Smith | Unknown |
| 2012 | Finalist | The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy | David Nasaw | Penguin Press |
| 2011 | Winner | Clarence Darrow: Attorney for the Damned | John A. Farrell | Doubleday |
| 2011 | Finalist | Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman | Robert K. Massie | Random House |
| 2011 | Finalist | Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention | Manning Marable | Viking |
| 2011 | Finalist | My Long Trip Home: A Family Memoir | Mark Whitaker | Simon & Schuster |
| 2011 | Finalist | Reading My Father: A Memoir | Alexandra Styron | Scribner |
| 2010 | Winner | Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption | Laura Hillenbrand | Ballantine Books |
| 2010 | Finalist | Colonel Roosevelt | Edmund Morris | Random House |
| 2010 | Finalist | George, Nicholas and Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins and the Road to World War I | Miranda Carter | Knopf |
| 2010 | Finalist | Hitch-22: A Memoir | Christopher Hitchens | Twelve |
| 2010 | Finalist | The Secret Lives Of Somerset Maugham: A Biography | Selina Hastings | Random House |
| 2009 | Winner | Dorothea Lange: A Life Beyond Limits | Linda Gordon | W. W. Norton |
| 2009 | Finalist | Koestler: The Literary and Political Odyssey of a Twentieth-Century Skeptic | Michael Scammell | Random House |
| 2009 | Finalist | Louis D. Brandeis: A Life | Melvin I. Urofsky | Pantheon |
| 2009 | Finalist | The Uncrowned King: The Sensational Rise of William Randolph Hearst | Kenneth Whyte | Unknown |
| 2009 | Finalist | The Woman Behind the New Deal: The Life of Frances Perkins, FDR's Secretary of Labor and His Moral Conscience | Kirstin Downey | Nan A. Talese |
| 2008 | Winner | Ida: A Sword Among Lions: Ida B. Wells and the Campaign Against Lynching | Paula J. Giddings | HarperCollins |
| 2008 | Finalist | American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House | Jon Meacham | Random House |
| 2008 | Finalist | Chagall: A Biography | Jackie Wullschlager | Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |
| 2008 | Finalist | Democracy's Prisoner: Eugene V. Debs, the Great War, and the Right to Dissent | Ernest Freeberg | Harvard University Press |
| 2008 | Finalist | Traitor to His Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt | H.W. Brands | Doubleday |
| 2007 | Winner | Young Stalin | Simon Sebag Montefiore | Orion |
| 2007 | Finalist | Boone: A Biography | Robert Morgan | Unknown |
| 2007 | Finalist | Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr | Nancy Isenberg | Viking |
| 2007 | Finalist | Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa's Greatest Explorer | Tim Jeal | Faber & Faber |
| 2007 | Finalist | Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War | Michael J. Neufeld | Knopf |
| 2006 | Winner | Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination | Neal Gabler | Knopf |
| 2006 | Finalist | Prisoners: A Muslim and a Jew Across the Middle East Divide | Jeffrey Goldberg | Picador |
| 2006 | Finalist | The Librettist of Venice: The Remarkable Life of Lorenzo Da Ponte | Rodney Bolt | Unknown |
| 2006 | Finalist | The Lost: A Search for Six of Six Million | Daniel Mendelsohn | HarperCollins |
| 2006 | Finalist | The Most Famous Man in America: The Biography of Henry Ward Beecher | Debby Applegate | Doubleday |
| 2005 | Winner | Matisse the Master: A Life of Henri Matisse, the Conquest of Colour, 1909–1954 | Hilary Spurling | Knopf |
| 2005 | Finalist | Melville: His World and Work | Andrew Delbanco | Knopf |
| 2005 | Finalist | Mencken: The American Iconoclast | Marion Elizabeth Rodgers | Oxford University Press |
| 2005 | Finalist | Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln | Doris Kearns Goodwin | Simon & Schuster |
| 2005 | Finalist | The People's Tycoon: Henry Ford and the American Century | Steven Watts | Knopf |
| 2004 | Winner | de Kooning: An American Master | Mark Stevens, Annalyn Swan | Knopf |
| 2004 | Finalist | Alexander Hamilton | Ron Chernow | Penguin Books |
| 2004 | Finalist | John James Audubon: The Making of an American | Richard Rhodes | Knopf |
| 2004 | Finalist | Washington Gone Crazy: Senator Pat McCarran and the Great American Communist Hunt | Michael Ybarra | Unknown |
| 2004 | Finalist | Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare | Stephen Greenblatt | W. W. Norton |
| 2003 | Winner | American Empire: Roosevelt's Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization | Neil Smith | University of California Press |
| 2003 | Finalist | Goya | Robert Hughes | Harvill Secker |
| 2003 | Finalist | Jung: A Biography | Deirdre Bair | Little, Brown |
| 2003 | Finalist | Pushkin: A Biography | T. J. Binyon | Penguin Publishing Group |
| 2003 | Finalist | River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the Technological Wild West | Rebecca Solnit | Penguin Books |
| 2002 | Winner | Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson, Vol. 3 | Robert A. Caro | Knopf |
| 2002 | Finalist | Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War | T. J. Stiles | Knopf |
| 2002 | Finalist | Samuel Pepys: The Unequalled Self | Claire Tomalin | Vintage Books |
| 2002 | Finalist | Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers | Daniel Ellsberg | Viking |
| 2002 | Finalist | The Country Under My Skin: A Memoir of Love and War | Gioconda Belli | Anchor |
| 2001 | Winner | Theodore Rex | Edmund Morris | Random House |
| 2001 | Finalist | Boswell's Presumptuous Task: The Making of the Life of Dr. Johnson | Adam Sisman | Penguin Publishing Group |
| 2001 | Finalist | John Adams | David McCullough | Simon & Schuster |
| 2001 | Finalist | Marie Antoinette: The Journey | Antonia Fraser | Unknown |
| 2001 | Finalist | Seabiscuit: An American Legend | Laura Hillenbrand | Random House |
| 2000 | Winner | Jefferson Davis, American | William J. Cooper, Jr. | Knopf |
| 2000 | Finalist | Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation | Joseph J. Ellis | Knopf |
| 2000 | Finalist | Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis | Ian Kershaw | Allen Lane |
| 2000 | Finalist | Mao: A Life | Philip Short | Henry Holt and Company |
| 2000 | Finalist | The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin | H.W. Brands | Anchor |
| 1999 | Winner | Secrets of the Flesh: A Life of Colette | Judith Thurman | Bloomsbury |
| 1999 | Finalist | Byron: Child of Passion, Fool of Fame | Benita Eisler | Hamish Hamilton |
| 1999 | Finalist | My Grandfather's House: A Genealogy of Doubt and Faith | Robert Clark | Picador |
| 1999 | Finalist | Rembrandt's Eyes | Simon Schama | Random House Canada |
| 1999 | Finalist | Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself | Jerome Loving | University of California Press |
| 1998 | Winner | Lindbergh | A. Scott Berg | Berkley |
| 1998 | Finalist | A Traitor's Kiss: The Life of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, 1751–1816 | Fintan O'Toole | Granta Books |
| 1998 | Finalist | Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism, and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull | Barbara Goldsmith | Knopf |
| 1998 | Finalist | The Unknown Matisse: Volume 1. The Early Years, 1869–1908 | Hilary Spurling | Unknown |
| 1998 | Finalist | Victor Hugo: A Biography | Graham Robb | Pan Macmillan |
| 1997 | Winner | Whittaker Chambers: A Biography | Sam Tanenhaus | Random House |
| 1997 | Finalist | Bogart | A.M. Sperber, Eric Lax | Unknown |
| 1997 | Finalist | Burning the Days: Recollection | James Salter | Unknown |
| 1997 | Finalist | Napoleon Bonaparte: A Life | Alan Schom | Harper Perennial |
| 1997 | Finalist | Nazimova: A Biography | Gavin Lambert | Knopf |
| 1996 | Winner | Angela's Ashes: A Memoir | Frank McCourt | Touchstone |
| 1996 | Finalist | A Life of Picasso: Volume 2. The Cubist Rebel, 1907–1916 | John Richardson | Jonathan Cape |
| 1996 | Finalist | An Uncommon Woman: The Empress Frederick | Hannah Pakula | Simon & Schuster |
| 1996 | Finalist | Edward Hopper: An Intimate Biography | Gail Levin | Unknown |
| 1996 | Finalist | Hellman and Hammett: The Legendary Passion of Lillian Hellman and Dashiell Hammett | Joan Mellen | HarperCollins |
| 1996 | Finalist | Orson Welles: The Road to Xanadu | Simon Callow | Viking |
| 1996 | Finalist | Tom: The Unknown Tennessee Williams | Lyle Leverich | Hodder & Stoughton |
| 1996 | Finalist | William Morris: A Life for Our Time | Fiona MacCarthy | Faber & Faber |
| 1995 | Winner | Under My Skin: Volume One of My Autobiography, to 1949 | Doris Lessing | HarperCollins |
| 1995 | Finalist | D.H. Lawrence: The Story of a Marriage | Brenda Maddox | Simon & Schuster |
| 1995 | Finalist | Drinking the Rain: A Memoir | Alix Kates Shulman | Bloomsbury |
| 1995 | Finalist | In Pharaoh's Army: Memories of the Lost War | Tobias Wolff | Unknown |
| 1995 | Finalist | Marie Curie: A Life | Susan Quinn | Simon & Schuster |
| 1994 | Winner | Shot in the Heart | Mikal Gilmore | Penguin Books |
| 1994 | Finalist | An Evil Cradling | Brian Keenan | Unknown |
| 1994 | Finalist | Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life | Joan D. Hedrick | Oxford University Press |
| 1994 | Finalist | Learned Hand: The Man and the Judge | Gerald Gunther | Unknown |
| 1994 | Finalist | Rodin: The Shape of Genius | Ruth Butler | Yale University Press |
| 1993 | Winner | Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of an American Pioneer | John Mack Faragher | Macmillan |
| 1993 | Finalist | Charles Sanders Peirce: A Life | Joseph Brent | Indiana University Press |
| 1993 | Finalist | Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, the Man Behind the Bomb | William Lanouette, Bela Silard | Unknown |
| 1993 | Finalist | Lincoln: An Illustrated Biography | Philip B. Kunhardt, Jr., Philip B. Kunhardt III,, Peter W. Kunhardt | Unknown |
| 1993 | Finalist | The Six Wives of Henry VIII | Antonia Fraser | Unknown |
| 1992 | Winner | Eleanor Roosevelt: Volume One, 1884–1933 | Blanche Wiesen Cook | Unknown |
| 1992 | Finalist | A Prophet With Honor: The Billy Graham Story | William Martin | Unknown |
| 1992 | Finalist | Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance | Kenneth Silverman | Harper Perennial |
| 1992 | Finalist | Fascinating Rhythm: The Collaboration of George and Ira Gershwin | Deena Ruth Rosenberg | Unknown |
| 1992 | Finalist | Salem Is My Dwelling Place: A Life of Nathaniel Hawthorne | Edwin Haviland Miller | Unknown |
| 1991 | Winner | Righteous Pilgrim: The Life and Times of Harold L. Ickes, 1847–1952 | T.H. Watkins | Unknown |
| 1991 | Finalist | A Life of Picasso: Volume 1. The Prodigy, 1881–1906 | John Richardson | Jonathan Cape |
| 1991 | Finalist | Benedict Arnold: Patriot and Traitor | Willard Sterne Randall | Quill |
| 1991 | Finalist | O'Keeffe and Stieglitz: An American Romance | Benita Eisler | Penguin Books |
| 1991 | Finalist | Road Song: A Memoir | Natalie Kusz | Farrar, Straus and Giroux |
| 1990 | Winner | A First-Class Temperament: The Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt | Geoffrey C. Ward | Harper & Row |
| 1990 | Finalist | Means of Ascent: Volume 2 of The Years of Lyndon Johnson | Robert A. Caro | Knopf |
| 1990 | Finalist | Simone de Beauvoir: A Biography | Deirdre Bair | Touchstone |
| 1990 | Finalist | The Five of Hearts: An Intimate Portrait of Henry Adams and His Friends 1880–1918 | Patricia O'Toole | Ballantine Books |
| 1990 | Finalist | The Iron Lady: A Biography of Margaret Thatcher | Hugo Young | Farrar, Straus and Giroux |
| 1989 | Winner | This Boy’s Life: A Memoir | Tobias Wolff | Picador |
| 1988 | Winner | Nora: The Real Life of Molly Bloom | Brenda Maddox | Mariner Books |
| 1987 | Winner | Hemingway | Kenneth S. Lynn | Abacus |
| 1986 | Winner | Alexander Pope: A Life | Maynard Mack | W. W. Norton |
| 1985 | Winner | Solzhenitsyn: A Biography | Michael Scammell | Routledge |
| 1984 | Winner | The Nightmare of Reason: A Life of Franz Kafka | Ernst Pawel | Noonday Press |
| 1983 | Winner | The Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House | Seymour M. Hersh | Summit Books |
| 1982 | Winner | Waldo Emerson: A Biography | Gay Wilson Allen | Penguin Books |
| 1981 | Winner | Mornings on Horseback | David McCullough | Simon & Schuster |