Fragile by Design: The Political Origins of Banking Crises and Scarce Credit

Charles W. Calomiris, Stephen H. Haber

Why stable banking systems are so rare Why are banking systems unstable in so many countries—but not in others? The United States has had twelve systemic banking crises since 1840, while Canada has had none. The banking systems of Mexico and Brazil have not only been crisis prone but have provided miniscule amounts of credit to business enterprises and households. Analyzing the political and banking history of the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Brazil through several centuries, Fragile by Design demonstrates that chronic banking crises and scarce credit are not accidents.

Business & EconomicsBusiness & Economics · medium confidenceBusiness & Economics81 signalsLlm Classifier: Business & Economics -> Business & EconomicsKeyword Classifier: American History -> American HistoryAward Category: PROSE Award for Business, Finance, and Management -> Business & EconomicsBusiness, Capitalism & CorporationsLatin America & the CaribbeanRegional & Local History
Experimental book profileGenerated by GPT-5.4 nano · may contain inaccuracies

This is an unverified interpretation of the catalog description, offered as an opt-in discovery experiment—not as bibliographic fact.

  1. 01 Central figures

    None extracted with sufficient confidence.

  2. 02 Central places

    None extracted with sufficient confidence.

  3. 03 Suggested argument

    Chronic banking crises and scarce credit are not accidents; they stem from the political origins of banking systems across multiple countries.

    Model confidence 78%

  4. 04 Reading orientation

    70 / 100 academic

    Academic

    An estimate of intended readership and scholarly apparatus—not quality or importance.

Confidence percentages are the model's own estimates. Profile confidence: 74%.