| 2025 | Winner | The Science of Reading: Information, Media, and Mind in Modern America | Adrian Johns | University of Chicago Press |
| 2024 | Winner | Brown Skins, White Coats: Race Science in India, 1920–66 | Projit Mukharji | Unknown |
| 2023 | Winner | Ritual Geology: Gold and Subterranean Knowledge in Savanna West Africa | Robyn d'Avignon | Unknown |
| 2022 | Winner | Anna Zieglerin and the Lion’s Blood: Alchemy and End Times in Reformation Germany | Tara Nummedal | University of Pennsylvania Press |
| 2021 | Winner | The Spanish Disquiet: The Biblical Natural Philosophy of Benito Arias Montano | María Portuondo | Unknown |
| 2020 | Winner | Genetics in the Madhouse: The Unknown History of Human Heredity | Theodore M. Porter | Princeton University Press |
| 2019 | Winner | Climate in Motion: Science, Empire, and the Problem of Scale | Deborah R. Coen | University of Chicago Press |
| 2018 | Winner | The Courtiers’ Anatomists: Animals and Humans in Louis XIV’s Paris | Anita Guerrini | Unknown |
| 2017 | Winner | Fascist Pigs: Technoscientific Organisms and the History of Fascism | Tiago Saraiva | MIT Press |
| 2016 | Winner | Observing by Hand: Sketching the Nebulae in the Nineteenth Century | Omar W. Nasim | University of Chicago Press |
| 2015 | Winner | Ivan Pavlov: A Russian Life in Science | Daniel Todes | Oxford University Press |
| 2014 | Winner | Picturing the Book of Nature: Image, text and argument in sixteenth-century human anatomy and medical botany | Sachiko Kusukawa | University of Chicago Press |
| 2013 | Winner | The Romantic Machine: Utopian Science and Technology after Napoleon | John Tresch | University of Chicago Press |
| 2012 | Winner | The Crafting of the 10,000 Things: Knowledge and Technology in Seventeenth-Century China | Dagmar Schäfer | University of Chicago Press |
| 2011 | Winner | Mathematics in Ancient Iraq: A Social History | Eleanor Robson | Princeton University Press |
| 2010 | Winner | Leibniz: An Intellectual Biography | Maria Rosa Antognazza | Cambridge University Press |
| 2009 | Winner | Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age | Harold J. Cook | Yale University Press |
| 2008 | Winner | The Jewel House: Elizabethan London and the Scientific Revolution | Deborah Harkness | Unknown |
| 2007 | Winner | Drawing Theories Apart: The Dispersion of Feynman Diagrams in Postwar Physics | David Kaiser | University of Chicago Press |
| 2006 | Winner | Patterns of Behavior: Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen, and the Founding of Ethology | Richard W. Burkhardt Jr. | University of Chicago Press |
| 2005 | Winner | Alchemy Tried in the Fire: Starkey, Boyle, and the Fate of Helmontian Chymistry | William Newman, Lawrence Principe | University of Chicago Press |
| 2004 | Winner | Charles Darwin: The Power of Place, Vol. II | Janet Browne | Unknown |
| 2003 | Winner | The Man Who Flattened the Earth: Maupertuis and the Sciences in the Enlightenment | Mary Terrall | University of Chicago Press |
| 2002 | Winner | Victorian Sensation: The Extraordinary Publication, Reception, and Secret Authorship of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation | James A. Secord | Unknown |
| 2001 | Winner | The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories | John L. Heilbron | Unknown |
| 2000 | Winner | The Science of Energy: A Cultural History of Energy Physics | Crosbie Smith | University of Chicago Press |
| 1999 | Winner | Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 | Lorraine Daston, Katharine Park | Princeton University Press |
| 1998 | Winner | Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics | Peter Galison | University of Chicago Press |
| 1997 | Winner | Women Scientists in America: Before Affirmative Action, 1940-1972 | Margaret W. Rossiter | Unknown |
| 1996 | Winner | Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting, and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy | Paula Findlen | University of California Press |
| 1995 | Winner | The Business of Alchemy: Science and Culture in the Holy Roman Empire | Pamela H. Smith | Princeton University Press |
| 1994 | Winner | The Meanings of Sex Difference in the Middle Ages | Joan Cadden | Cambridge University Press |
| 1993 | Winner | Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg | David C. Cassidy | W. H. Freeman |
| 1992 | Winner | The Formation of Science in Japan: Building a Research Tradition | James R. Bartholomew | Yale University Press |
| 1991 | Co-winner | Physical Chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling: The Making of a Science in America | John W. Servos | Princeton University Press |
| 1991 | Co-winner | The Politics of Evolution: Morphology, Medicine, and Reform in Radical London | Adrian Desmond | University of Chicago Press |
| 1990 | Winner | Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin | Crosbie Smith, M. Norton Wise | Cambridge University Press |
| 1989 | Winner | Classical Probability in the Enlightenment | Lorraine Daston | Princeton University Press |
| 1988 | Winner | Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior | Robert J. Richards | University of Chicago Press |
| 1987 | Winner | Intellectual Mastery of Nature: Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein | Christa Jungnickel, Russell McCormmach | University of Chicago Press |
| 1986 | Winner | Revolution in Science | I. Bernard Cohen | Harvard University Press |
| 1985 | Winner | Mathematical Astronomy in Copernicus's De Revolutionibus | Noel Swerdlow, Otto Neugebauer | Unknown |
| 1984 | Winner | Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett Just | Kenneth R. Manning | Oxford University Press |
| 1983 | Winner | Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton | Richard S. Westfall | Cambridge University Press |
| 1982 | Winner | Dawn of Modern Science: From the Arabs to Leonardo da Vinci | Thomas Goldstein | Unknown |
| 1981 | Winner | Science and Polity in France at the End of the Old Regime | Charles Coulston Gillispie | Princeton University Press |
| 1980 | Winner | Freud, Biologist of the Mind: Beyond the Psychoanalytic Legend | Frank J. Sulloway | Unknown |
| 1979 | Winner | Science in Culture: The Early Victorian Period | Susan Faye Cannon | Unknown |
| 1978 | Co-winner | Harpers Ferry Armory and the New Technology: The Challenge of Change | Merritt Roe Smith | Cornell University Press |
| 1978 | Co-winner | The Chemical Philosophy: Paracelsian Science and Medicine in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries | Allen G. Debus | Unknown |
| 1977 | Winner | The Kind of Motion We Call Heat | Stephen G. Brush | Unknown |
| 1976 | Winner | A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy | Otto E. Neugebauer | Springer Publishing Company |
| 1975 | Winner | Claude Bernard and Animal Chemistry: The Emergence of a Scientist | Frederic L. Holmes | Harvard University Press |
| 1974 | Winner | The Edge of an Unfamiliar World: A History of Oceanography | Susan Schlee | Unknown |
| 1973 | Winner | Molecules and Life: Historical Essays on the Interplay of Chemistry and Biology | Joseph S. Fruton | Unknown |
| 1972 | Winner | Force in Newton's Physics: The Science of Dynamics in the Seventeenth Century | Richard S. Westfall | Unknown |
| 1971 | Winner | The Lysenko Affair | David Joravsky | University of Chicago Press |
| 1970 | Winner | The Triumph of the Darwinian Method | Michael Ghiselin | University of California Press |
| 1969 | Winner | Galen on the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body | Margaret T. May | Unknown |
| 1968 | Winner | Kepler's Somnium | Edward Rosen | Unknown |
| 1967 | Winner | Marcello Malpighi and the Evolution of Embryology | Howard B. Adelmann | Cornell University Press |
| 1966 | Winner | Michael Faraday: A Biography | L. Pearce Williams | Simon & Schuster |
| 1965 | Winner | Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514-1564 | Charles Donald O'Malley | University of California Press |
| 1964 | Winner | The Lunar Society of Birmingham: A Social History of Provincial Science and Industry in Eighteenth-Century England | Robert E. Schofield | Unknown |
| 1963 | Winner | Medieval Technology and Social Change | Lynn Townsend White Jr. | Oxford University Press |
| 1962 | Winner | Lavoisier, The Crucial Year: The Background and Origin of His First Experiments on Combustion in 1772 | Henry Guerlac | Unknown |
| 1961 | Winner | A History of Metallography: The Development of Ideas on the Structure of Metal before 1890 | Cyril Stanley Smith | Unknown |
| 1960 | Winner | The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages | Marshall Clagett | University of Wisconsin Press |
| 1959 | Winner | Robert Boyle and Seventeenth-Century Chemistry | Marie Boas Hall | Cambridge University Press |